What you’re looking at there is a lexicon entry, not Scripture itself. It’s a man-made attempt to describe how a Greek word is used. The word in Hebrews 4:9 is σαββατισμός (sabbatismos), and yes, it comes from the word for Sabbath, so it naturally carries the idea of a “Sabbath-like rest.”
I am used to consult Bible Lexicons as they I believe are credentialed lexicographers that define Bible words from original languages and render what it means at the time such word was used.
And if Bible lexicographers are unreliable as man-made, Bible translators are also human.
Some based their translation from original Bible words but some based from the translators thoughts.
In this case, the English "Sabbath rest" in Greek "
σαββατισμός (sabbatismos)" is used only in this verse.
Which I believe Bible lexicons can help, and that the Sabbath rest that remains for the people of God, refer to the weekly Sabbath, as the Greek word (Sabbatismos) a derivative of Sabbaton, the weekly Sabbath.
But the definition in a lexicon does not control the meaning. Scripture does.
And if we let the Scriptures interpret itself, the context I believe still refer to the weekly Sabbath.
As when the people of God kept that remained Sabbath rest (Sabbatismos), also entered God's rest, as God rested on the seventh day from all His works. (Heb 4:4, Gen 2:2, Ex 20:11)
And that the seventh day is the Sabbath of the Lord our God. (Ex 20:10)
Heb 4:9 So there remains a Sabbath rest for the people of God.
Heb 4:10 For the one who has entered His rest has himself also rested from his works, as God did from His.
Heb 4:4 For he spake in a certain place of the seventh day on this wise, And God did rest the seventh day from all his works.
Exo 20:10 But the seventh day is the sabbath of the LORD thy God: in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy manservant, nor thy maidservant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates:
Hebrews 4 explains exactly what that word means in its own context. Earlier in the chapter, it says, “For we which have believed do enter into rest” ~Hebrews 4:3. That is present tense. This is not just something future. It is something believers enter now by faith. Then the passage reaches back to God resting on the seventh day, not to command a pattern, but to show a picture of a completed work.
By the time you reach verse 9, “There remaineth therefore a rest to the people of God,” the meaning is already being built. Then verse 10 defines it plainly: “For he that is entered into his rest, he also hath ceased from his own works, as God did from his.” That is the key. The rest being described is not about observing a day. It is about ceasing from your own works and resting in what God has done.
I believe verse 4, interpret what God's rest people of God entered into.
As the phrase, "for he (believer) entered into God's rest, also ceased from all his own work," this made clear in "as God did from His."(v.10)
And when did God ceased or rest from His work?
Verse 4 state, "And God did rest the seventh day from all his works."
Heb 4:4 For he spake in a certain place of the seventh day on this wise, And God did rest the seventh day from all his works.
Now look back at the lexicon definition you quoted. It gives two possible meanings, one being “a keeping sabbath” and the other being a future or blessed rest. Only one of those fits what Hebrews 4 is actually saying. The chapter already made it clear that Israel had the Sabbath and still did not enter God’s rest. Hebrews 4:8 says, “For if Jesus [Joshua] had given them rest, then would he not afterward have spoken of another day.” That shows the weekly Sabbath was never the final rest.
Even if we avoid the meaning of "Sabbath rest (Sabbatismos) as not the weekly Sabbath.
Scriptures states clearly to us that in the new heavens and new earth where righteousness dwells, I understand as no more sin and sinners. All mankind will worship God weekly.
As the word "new moon" with Strong#H2320, in Hebrew "חדשׁ chôdesh" Bible lexicon defined it as means - the first day of the month.
That I understand from the first day of the month as Sabbath, and the next seventh day as Sabbath and so on, from the stated "Sabbath to Sabbath."
2Pe 3:13 But according to His promise we are looking for new heavens and a new earth, in which righteousness dwells.
Isa 66:22 "For just as the new heavens and the new earth Which I make will endure before Me," declares the LORD, "So your offspring and your name will endure.
Isa 66:23 And it shall come to pass, that from one new moon to another, and from one sabbath to another, shall
all flesh come to
worship before me, saith the LORD.
Isa 66:23 "And it shall be from R1newH2320 moonH2320 to newH2320 moonH2320 And from sabbathH7676 to sabbathH7676, AllH3605 N1mankindH1320 will comeH935 to R2bowH7812 downH7812 beforeH6440 Me," saysH559 the LORDH3068.
H2320
חדשׁ chôdesh
BDB Definition:
1) the new moon, month, monthly
1a) the first day of the month
1b) the lunar month
So the word “sabbatismos” is being used to describe the true rest that the Sabbath pointed toward all along. It is the fulfillment, not a return to the shadow. This lines up with what the rest of Scripture says. “Let no man therefore judge you… in respect of… the sabbath days: which are a shadow of things to come; but the body is of Christ” ~Colossians 2:16–17. The shadow pointed forward, but the substance is Christ.
So when you see that lexicon entry, understand it this way. It gives you a range of possible meanings, but the passage itself tells you which one is correct. In Hebrews 4, the Holy Spirit defines that word as the rest that comes from trusting God’s finished work, not as a command to keep a weekly Sabbath.
Whichever of the two Bible lexicon definition we'll use, as I've tried to explain above would ultimately led us to worship God weekly from new moon to another, and from Sabbath to another, in where God planned to make the new heavens and new earth which righteousness dwells, as I understand prepared for the over comers.